---
title: "Faharasa ya Kisheria"
description: "Faharasa kamili ya maneno ya kisheria ya Kihispania yaliyoelezwa kwa lugha rahisi. Elewa msamiati wa kawaida wa kisheria unaotumika mahakamani, mikataba, na taratibu nchini Uhispania."
source: https://staging.leyapp.es/sw/glossary
locale: sw
terms: 26
---

# Faharasa ya Kisheria

Maneno ya kawaida ya kisheria ya Kihispania yameelezwa kwa Kiingereza rahisi. Tumia kamusi hii kuelewa hati za kisheria, taratibu za mahakama, na haki zako nchini Uhispania.

## Abogado/a

A licensed lawyer (attorney) admitted to practice law in Spain. Must be registered with a Colegio de Abogados.

*Eneo linalohusiana: Madai ya Kiraia, Ulinzi wa Jinai*

*Tazama pia: [Colegio de Abogados](https://staging.leyapp.es/sw/glossary#colegio-de-abogados), [Procurador](https://staging.leyapp.es/sw/glossary#procurador)*

## Arraigo

A type of residency permit in Spain granted based on social, family, or work ties to the country. Common pathway for undocumented residents to regularize their status.

*Eneo linalohusiana: Uhamiaji*

*Tazama pia: [NIE](https://staging.leyapp.es/sw/glossary#nie), [Residencia](https://staging.leyapp.es/sw/glossary#residencia)*

## Autónomo

A self-employed worker or freelancer registered with the Spanish tax authority (Hacienda) and Social Security. Subject to specific tax and contribution obligations.

*Eneo linalohusiana: Kampuni na Biashara, Sheria ya Ushuru*

*Tazama pia: [Hacienda](https://staging.leyapp.es/sw/glossary#hacienda), [Seguridad Social](https://staging.leyapp.es/sw/glossary#seguridad-social)*

## Cláusula suelo

A floor clause in a mortgage contract that sets a minimum interest rate, even when the reference rate (usually Euribor) drops below it. Many were declared abusive by Spanish courts.

*Eneo linalohusiana: Benki na Fedha, Sheria ya Mtumiaji*

## Colegio de Abogados

A bar association in Spain. Lawyers must be registered (colegiado) with one to practice. Each province has its own Colegio (e.g., ICAB in Barcelona, ICAM in Madrid).

*Eneo linalohusiana: Madai ya Kiraia*

*Tazama pia: [Abogado/a](https://staging.leyapp.es/sw/glossary#abogado), [Número de colegiado](https://staging.leyapp.es/sw/glossary#colegiado-number)*

## Comunidad de propietarios

A homeowners' association in Spain, legally required for buildings with multiple owners. Manages common areas, budgets, and building decisions.

*Eneo linalohusiana: Mali Isiyohamishika*

## Demanda

A formal lawsuit or legal complaint filed before a court. Initiates civil or administrative proceedings against another party.

*Eneo linalohusiana: Madai ya Kiraia, Kazi na Ajira*

*Tazama pia: [Juzgado](https://staging.leyapp.es/sw/glossary#juzgado)*

## Desahucio

Eviction proceedings in Spain. The legal process by which a landlord can remove a tenant for non-payment of rent or expiration of the lease.

*Eneo linalohusiana: Mali Isiyohamishika*

*Tazama pia: [arrendamiento](https://staging.leyapp.es/sw/glossary#arrendamiento)*

## Despido improcedente

Unfair dismissal. When a court determines an employer terminated an employee without sufficient legal grounds. The employer must pay compensation or reinstate the worker.

*Eneo linalohusiana: Kazi na Ajira*

*Tazama pia: [Indemnización](https://staging.leyapp.es/sw/glossary#indemnizacion)*

## Escritura pública

A public deed or notarial document. Required for property transfers, company formation, and other major legal acts in Spain. Executed before a notario.

*Eneo linalohusiana: Mali Isiyohamishika, Kampuni na Biashara*

*Tazama pia: [Notario](https://staging.leyapp.es/sw/glossary#notario), [Registro de la Propiedad](https://staging.leyapp.es/sw/glossary#registro-propiedad)*

## Hacienda

The Spanish Tax Agency (Agencia Tributaria). Responsible for tax collection, audits, and enforcement of tax obligations for individuals and businesses.

*Eneo linalohusiana: Sheria ya Ushuru*

*Tazama pia: [IRPF](https://staging.leyapp.es/sw/glossary#irpf), [IVA](https://staging.leyapp.es/sw/glossary#iva)*

## Herencia

Inheritance. The legal transfer of assets, rights, and obligations from a deceased person to their heirs, governed by Spanish succession law or the applicable regional law.

*Eneo linalohusiana: Madai ya Kiraia, Sheria ya Familia*

*Tazama pia: [Testamento](https://staging.leyapp.es/sw/glossary#testamento)*

## Indemnización

Compensation or damages awarded in a legal dispute. In labor law, refers specifically to severance pay owed upon dismissal.

*Eneo linalohusiana: Kazi na Ajira, Madai ya Kiraia*

*Tazama pia: [Despido improcedente](https://staging.leyapp.es/sw/glossary#despido-improcedente)*

## IRPF

Impuesto sobre la Renta de las Personas Físicas — Spanish personal income tax. Progressive tax applied to income earned by individuals residing in Spain.

*Eneo linalohusiana: Sheria ya Ushuru*

*Tazama pia: [Hacienda](https://staging.leyapp.es/sw/glossary#hacienda), [Ley Beckham](https://staging.leyapp.es/sw/glossary#beckham-law)*

## IVA

Impuesto sobre el Valor Añadido — Value Added Tax in Spain. Standard rate is 21%, with reduced rates of 10% and 4% for certain goods and services.

*Eneo linalohusiana: Sheria ya Ushuru, Sheria ya Mtumiaji*

*Tazama pia: [Hacienda](https://staging.leyapp.es/sw/glossary#hacienda)*

## Juzgado

A court of first instance in Spain. Different types handle civil, criminal, social (labor), and administrative matters.

*Eneo linalohusiana: Madai ya Kiraia, Ulinzi wa Jinai*

*Tazama pia: [Demanda](https://staging.leyapp.es/sw/glossary#demanda)*

## Ley Beckham

Special tax regime (Royal Decree 687/2005) allowing qualifying new residents in Spain to pay a flat 24% income tax rate instead of progressive rates for up to 6 years.

*Eneo linalohusiana: Sheria ya Ushuru, Uhamiaji*

## NIE

Número de Identidad de Extranjero — the foreigner identification number required for almost all legal, financial, and administrative procedures in Spain.

*Eneo linalohusiana: Uhamiaji, Sheria ya Utawala*

*Tazama pia: [Residencia](https://staging.leyapp.es/sw/glossary#residencia), [Arraigo](https://staging.leyapp.es/sw/glossary#arraigo)*

## Notario

A public notary in Spain — a legal professional who authenticates documents, witnesses signatures, and ensures transactions comply with the law. Not the same as a notary public in common-law countries.

*Eneo linalohusiana: Mali Isiyohamishika, Kampuni na Biashara*

*Tazama pia: [Escritura pública](https://staging.leyapp.es/sw/glossary#escritura)*

## Número de colegiado

The unique registration number assigned to a lawyer by their bar association. Used to verify a lawyer's identity and professional standing.

*Eneo linalohusiana: Madai ya Kiraia*

*Tazama pia: [Colegio de Abogados](https://staging.leyapp.es/sw/glossary#colegio-de-abogados)*

## Poder notarial

A notarial power of attorney. A document executed before a notario that authorizes another person to act on your behalf in legal or financial matters.

*Eneo linalohusiana: Madai ya Kiraia, Kampuni na Biashara*

*Tazama pia: [Notario](https://staging.leyapp.es/sw/glossary#notario)*

## Procurador

A court representative who handles procedural filings and communications between the lawyer and the court. Required in many Spanish court proceedings.

*Eneo linalohusiana: Madai ya Kiraia, Ulinzi wa Jinai*

*Tazama pia: [Abogado/a](https://staging.leyapp.es/sw/glossary#abogado), [Juzgado](https://staging.leyapp.es/sw/glossary#juzgado)*

## Registro de la Propiedad

The Land Registry in Spain. A public office where all property ownership, mortgages, and encumbrances are recorded. Essential for property transactions.

*Eneo linalohusiana: Mali Isiyohamishika*

*Tazama pia: [Escritura pública](https://staging.leyapp.es/sw/glossary#escritura), [Notario](https://staging.leyapp.es/sw/glossary#notario)*

## Residencia

Residency permit or card (TIE — Tarjeta de Identidad de Extranjero) that authorizes a foreigner to live in Spain legally. Various types exist based on work, family, or investment.

*Eneo linalohusiana: Uhamiaji*

*Tazama pia: [NIE](https://staging.leyapp.es/sw/glossary#nie), [Arraigo](https://staging.leyapp.es/sw/glossary#arraigo)*

## Seguridad Social

The Spanish Social Security system. Provides healthcare, pensions, unemployment benefits, and other social protections. Both employees and employers contribute.

*Eneo linalohusiana: Kazi na Ajira, Sheria ya Ushuru*

*Tazama pia: [Autónomo](https://staging.leyapp.es/sw/glossary#autonomo)*

## Testamento

A will or testament. A legal document specifying how a person's assets should be distributed after death. Spanish law imposes "legítima" — mandatory shares for certain heirs.

*Eneo linalohusiana: Madai ya Kiraia, Sheria ya Familia*

*Tazama pia: [Herencia](https://staging.leyapp.es/sw/glossary#herencia)*