--- title: "المعجم القانوني" description: "معجم شامل للمصطلحات القانونية الإسبانية مُشرح بلغة بسيطة. افهم المصطلحات القانونية الشائعة المستخدمة في المحاكم والعقود والإجراءات في إسبانيا." source: https://staging.leyapp.es/ar/glossary locale: ar terms: 26 --- # المعجم القانوني شرح المصطلحات القانونية الإسبانية الشائعة بلغة إنجليزية بسيطة. استخدم هذا المعجم لفهم الوثائق القانونية، وإجراءات المحاكم، وحقوقك في إسبانيا. ## Abogado/a A licensed lawyer (attorney) admitted to practice law in Spain. Must be registered with a Colegio de Abogados. *مجال ذو صلة: التقاضي المدني, الدفاع الجنائي* *انظر أيضاً: [Colegio de Abogados](https://staging.leyapp.es/ar/glossary#colegio-de-abogados), [Procurador](https://staging.leyapp.es/ar/glossary#procurador)* ## Arraigo A type of residency permit in Spain granted based on social, family, or work ties to the country. Common pathway for undocumented residents to regularize their status. *مجال ذو صلة: الهجرة* *انظر أيضاً: [NIE](https://staging.leyapp.es/ar/glossary#nie), [Residencia](https://staging.leyapp.es/ar/glossary#residencia)* ## Autónomo A self-employed worker or freelancer registered with the Spanish tax authority (Hacienda) and Social Security. Subject to specific tax and contribution obligations. *مجال ذو صلة: الشركات والأعمال, القانون الضريبي* *انظر أيضاً: [Hacienda](https://staging.leyapp.es/ar/glossary#hacienda), [Seguridad Social](https://staging.leyapp.es/ar/glossary#seguridad-social)* ## Cláusula suelo A floor clause in a mortgage contract that sets a minimum interest rate, even when the reference rate (usually Euribor) drops below it. Many were declared abusive by Spanish courts. *مجال ذو صلة: البنوك والتمويل, حماية المستهلك* ## Colegio de Abogados A bar association in Spain. Lawyers must be registered (colegiado) with one to practice. Each province has its own Colegio (e.g., ICAB in Barcelona, ICAM in Madrid). *مجال ذو صلة: التقاضي المدني* *انظر أيضاً: [Abogado/a](https://staging.leyapp.es/ar/glossary#abogado), [Número de colegiado](https://staging.leyapp.es/ar/glossary#colegiado-number)* ## Comunidad de propietarios A homeowners' association in Spain, legally required for buildings with multiple owners. Manages common areas, budgets, and building decisions. *مجال ذو صلة: العقارات* ## Demanda A formal lawsuit or legal complaint filed before a court. Initiates civil or administrative proceedings against another party. *مجال ذو صلة: التقاضي المدني, قانون العمل* *انظر أيضاً: [Juzgado](https://staging.leyapp.es/ar/glossary#juzgado)* ## Desahucio Eviction proceedings in Spain. The legal process by which a landlord can remove a tenant for non-payment of rent or expiration of the lease. *مجال ذو صلة: العقارات* *انظر أيضاً: [arrendamiento](https://staging.leyapp.es/ar/glossary#arrendamiento)* ## Despido improcedente Unfair dismissal. When a court determines an employer terminated an employee without sufficient legal grounds. The employer must pay compensation or reinstate the worker. *مجال ذو صلة: قانون العمل* *انظر أيضاً: [Indemnización](https://staging.leyapp.es/ar/glossary#indemnizacion)* ## Escritura pública A public deed or notarial document. Required for property transfers, company formation, and other major legal acts in Spain. Executed before a notario. *مجال ذو صلة: العقارات, الشركات والأعمال* *انظر أيضاً: [Notario](https://staging.leyapp.es/ar/glossary#notario), [Registro de la Propiedad](https://staging.leyapp.es/ar/glossary#registro-propiedad)* ## Hacienda The Spanish Tax Agency (Agencia Tributaria). Responsible for tax collection, audits, and enforcement of tax obligations for individuals and businesses. *مجال ذو صلة: القانون الضريبي* *انظر أيضاً: [IRPF](https://staging.leyapp.es/ar/glossary#irpf), [IVA](https://staging.leyapp.es/ar/glossary#iva)* ## Herencia Inheritance. The legal transfer of assets, rights, and obligations from a deceased person to their heirs, governed by Spanish succession law or the applicable regional law. *مجال ذو صلة: التقاضي المدني, قانون الأسرة* *انظر أيضاً: [Testamento](https://staging.leyapp.es/ar/glossary#testamento)* ## Indemnización Compensation or damages awarded in a legal dispute. In labor law, refers specifically to severance pay owed upon dismissal. *مجال ذو صلة: قانون العمل, التقاضي المدني* *انظر أيضاً: [Despido improcedente](https://staging.leyapp.es/ar/glossary#despido-improcedente)* ## IRPF Impuesto sobre la Renta de las Personas Físicas — Spanish personal income tax. Progressive tax applied to income earned by individuals residing in Spain. *مجال ذو صلة: القانون الضريبي* *انظر أيضاً: [Hacienda](https://staging.leyapp.es/ar/glossary#hacienda), [Ley Beckham](https://staging.leyapp.es/ar/glossary#beckham-law)* ## IVA Impuesto sobre el Valor Añadido — Value Added Tax in Spain. Standard rate is 21%, with reduced rates of 10% and 4% for certain goods and services. *مجال ذو صلة: القانون الضريبي, حماية المستهلك* *انظر أيضاً: [Hacienda](https://staging.leyapp.es/ar/glossary#hacienda)* ## Juzgado A court of first instance in Spain. Different types handle civil, criminal, social (labor), and administrative matters. *مجال ذو صلة: التقاضي المدني, الدفاع الجنائي* *انظر أيضاً: [Demanda](https://staging.leyapp.es/ar/glossary#demanda)* ## Ley Beckham Special tax regime (Royal Decree 687/2005) allowing qualifying new residents in Spain to pay a flat 24% income tax rate instead of progressive rates for up to 6 years. *مجال ذو صلة: القانون الضريبي, الهجرة* ## NIE Número de Identidad de Extranjero — the foreigner identification number required for almost all legal, financial, and administrative procedures in Spain. *مجال ذو صلة: الهجرة, القانون الإداري* *انظر أيضاً: [Residencia](https://staging.leyapp.es/ar/glossary#residencia), [Arraigo](https://staging.leyapp.es/ar/glossary#arraigo)* ## Notario A public notary in Spain — a legal professional who authenticates documents, witnesses signatures, and ensures transactions comply with the law. Not the same as a notary public in common-law countries. *مجال ذو صلة: العقارات, الشركات والأعمال* *انظر أيضاً: [Escritura pública](https://staging.leyapp.es/ar/glossary#escritura)* ## Número de colegiado The unique registration number assigned to a lawyer by their bar association. Used to verify a lawyer's identity and professional standing. *مجال ذو صلة: التقاضي المدني* *انظر أيضاً: [Colegio de Abogados](https://staging.leyapp.es/ar/glossary#colegio-de-abogados)* ## Poder notarial A notarial power of attorney. A document executed before a notario that authorizes another person to act on your behalf in legal or financial matters. *مجال ذو صلة: التقاضي المدني, الشركات والأعمال* *انظر أيضاً: [Notario](https://staging.leyapp.es/ar/glossary#notario)* ## Procurador A court representative who handles procedural filings and communications between the lawyer and the court. Required in many Spanish court proceedings. *مجال ذو صلة: التقاضي المدني, الدفاع الجنائي* *انظر أيضاً: [Abogado/a](https://staging.leyapp.es/ar/glossary#abogado), [Juzgado](https://staging.leyapp.es/ar/glossary#juzgado)* ## Registro de la Propiedad The Land Registry in Spain. A public office where all property ownership, mortgages, and encumbrances are recorded. Essential for property transactions. *مجال ذو صلة: العقارات* *انظر أيضاً: [Escritura pública](https://staging.leyapp.es/ar/glossary#escritura), [Notario](https://staging.leyapp.es/ar/glossary#notario)* ## Residencia Residency permit or card (TIE — Tarjeta de Identidad de Extranjero) that authorizes a foreigner to live in Spain legally. Various types exist based on work, family, or investment. *مجال ذو صلة: الهجرة* *انظر أيضاً: [NIE](https://staging.leyapp.es/ar/glossary#nie), [Arraigo](https://staging.leyapp.es/ar/glossary#arraigo)* ## Seguridad Social The Spanish Social Security system. Provides healthcare, pensions, unemployment benefits, and other social protections. Both employees and employers contribute. *مجال ذو صلة: قانون العمل, القانون الضريبي* *انظر أيضاً: [Autónomo](https://staging.leyapp.es/ar/glossary#autonomo)* ## Testamento A will or testament. A legal document specifying how a person's assets should be distributed after death. Spanish law imposes "legítima" — mandatory shares for certain heirs. *مجال ذو صلة: التقاضي المدني, قانون الأسرة* *انظر أيضاً: [Herencia](https://staging.leyapp.es/ar/glossary#herencia)*